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TOPIC: MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (CATTLE)
CONTENT: 1.
Requirement for Cattle management: These belong to the group of known as Bovidae. These are ruminants which are reared for meat, milk hide and skin, and for work.
Breeds of Cattle
Beef Cattle: These types of breed are reared purposely for meat. Examples include
- N’dama,
- Red Bororo,
- Sokoto Gudali,
- Keteku,
- Kuri,
- Rahaji,
- Brown Swiss,
Dairy Cattle: These types are reared purposely for milk. Examples include
- White Fulani
- Jersey
- Red poll
- Kerry
- Friesian
- Dexter
- South devon
- Dairy short horn
- Ayrshire
- Guemsey
Dual-purpose Cattle: They are reared for both meat and milk production. E.g
- Muturu
- Biu
- Azawal
- Shuwa
Systems of Cattle Management:
Intensive system:
In this system, cattle herds are kept in confinement most of the time. The system provides conditions for management standards, ease control of parasites, there is protection from extreme weather conditions, predators and thieves. It requires high capital investment in terms of building and feeding, much
The type of housing under this system are:
Conventional Barn:
Herds of cattle are confined in a place and secured by the neck with stanchions or neck chains.
Loose house: Herds of cattle are loose in an open pasture having shelter where they stay when the weather is hot or cold.
 Advantages:
- The cost of production is reduced
- Protection against adverse weather conditions, disasters and thieves
- Good return on investment
- Proper feeding and proper health care
Disadvantages:
- Pests and diseases can become rampant on the range
- Vices like fighting and cannibalism are encouraged on the range
- Growth may not be uniform.
Semi-intensive system:
In this system, a form of housing unit is provided as shelter but the cattle herds are allowed to graze on the range and retire to the house later. It is commonly practiced by the government or academic research institutions as experimental or demonstration farms.
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