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TOPIC: STANDARD SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR MIXTURES
CONTENTS:
- MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS
- SEPARATING A MIXTURE OF TWO SOLIDS
- SEPARATING A MIXTURE OF AN INSOLUBLE SOLID AND A LIQUID,
- 4. SEPARATING A SOLUBLE SOLID FROM A LIQUID
PERIOD 1: COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES
COMPOUND
A compound is a substance which contains two or more elements chemically combined together. A compound is formed as a result of a chemical change. It is a new substance with entirely different properties from those of substances from which it is formed. For example water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen chemically combined in the ratio 2:1 by mass respectively. Other example of mass are sound, limestone, common salt, petrol, kerosene  etc.
MIXTURE:
A mixture is made up of two or more substances which can be mixed together, mechanically, in any proportion. It can be said to contain two or more constituents which easily be separated by physical method. Examples are air, soil, well water, tap water, milk, sweat, blood etc.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES
| COMPOUNDS | MIXTURES |
| 1. Constituents are present in a fixed proportion by mass | Constituents can be mixed in any proportion |
| 2. Constituents are joined by chemical bonds | No chemical bond between constituents |
| 3. It is always homogeneous | It may be homogeneous or heterogeneous |
| 4.The properties differ entirely from those of its component’s elements | The properties are the sum of those of its individual constituents |
| 5. Constituents of compounds cannot be separated by physical means | Components of mixtures can be separated by physical means |
EVALUATION:
- Define and give one example of (a) homogeneous mixture (b) heterogeneous mixture
- Describe an experiment to show that sea water is a mixture.
- Explain why air is regarded as a mixture
PERIOD 2: SEPARATING A MIXTURE OF TWO SOLIDS
They following methods are employed in the separation of a mixture of two solids:
- Sieving
- Magnetic separation
- Sublimation
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