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Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
CONTENT:
- Definition / Meaning of Farm Mechanization
- Mechanized Agricultural Operations
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Farm Mechanization
SUB TOPIC 1. Definition / Meaning of Farm Mechanization
Definition and Meaning of Farm Mechanization
Mechanization can be defined as the use of modern implements as well as motorized equipment like plough, harrow, ridger, and also the use of agrochemicals like insecticides, herbicides, fertilizers and improved seeds in the farm.
Farm Mechanization can be defined as the application of engineering, scientific and technological principles to agricultural production, storage and processing of farm products. Farm Mechanization means the use of modern farm inputs instead of human efforts to increase agricultural productivity and efficiency.
Mechanized Agricultural Operations
Farm Mechanization covers almost all agricultural operations such as land preparation (ploughing, harrowing and ridging), planting, husbandry, fertilizer application, weeding, crop health, irrigation, crop harvesting, storage and processing, and animal care and management, milking, egg collection as well as processing and storage of farm animal produce.
EVALUATION
- Define the term mechanization
- What do you understand by farm mechanization?
- Mention seven agricultural operations that can be mechanized
- State a machine that can be used to carried out such operations.
SUB TOPIC 2: Advantages and Disadvantages of Farm Mechanization
Advantages of Farm Mechanization
- It reduces farm drudgery i.e it makes it easy to avoid unpleasant manual jobs
- It increases productivity i.e large hectares of land can be put under cultivation
- It facilitates timeliness of operations. Farm operations are done and completed within a short period of time
- Farm Mechanization encourages large scale farming
- It reduces the cost of production and labour on the farm
- It improves the quality of produce through proper processing.
- It attracts young school leavers to take up farming as a business.
- Farm Mechanization helps in reclaiming waste lands.
- There is reduction in the health hazard of the farmers due to manual or over-labour in the farm
- It enables people to become specialized in certain operations within the farm.
- It increases farmer’s income and improves his standard of living.
- It increases yield/output per unit of land.
- it permits additional cropping each season by rapid harvesting and seedbed preparation
Disadvantages of Farm Mechanization
- Displacement of farm workers. With the use of machines, the operations that can be done by many farm workers can now be carried out by few hands. This will make some workers to be jobless and unemployed
- Destruction of soil structure. The use of machines such as tractors and bulldozers result in the destruction of fragile soil structure, leading to erosion.
- Compaction of Soil. The use of heavy machines not only destroys the soil structure but also leads to the compaction (compression) of the soil.
- Environmental Pollution. The exhaust and the dust raised by motor-vehicles used in pulling agricultural implements
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