JSS2 Computer Studies Lesson Note on Units Of Storage in Computer

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TOPIC:          UNITS OF STORAGE IN COMPUTER: Units of Storage; Bits, Nibble, Byte, Kilobyte, Gigabyte, etc.

CONTENTS:

1. Units of Storage in Computer
2. Binary Digit (Bit)
3. Nibble
4. Binary Table (Byte)
5. Word Length

Units of Storage in Computer

Computer memory is a storage location where data / information are kept or stored. All data, information, text, numbers, audio, video etc are converted into 0’s and 1’s and stored in different types of storage in order to be processed by the computer CPU.  Hence, we have various units of storage. These are;

1. Bit
2. Nibble
3. Byte
4. Word

Binary Digit (Bit)

It is the first and the smallest unit of computer memory. It is a unit of data that can be either of the two conditions – 0 or 1. Groups of bits make up storage units in the computer, called bytes (characters), words which are manipulated as a group. Each of the 0 and 1 in the diagram below indicates a bit.

Nibble

It is a storage unit that is in a sequence of 4 bits. It is equivalent to 4 bits (half of a byte) i.e 0101, 1110, 0101, 1101, 1001 etc. E.g

Binary Table (BYTE):

A group of 8 bits is called a byte. A byte is the basic and the most common unit in the computer’s memory. One byte is one character. A character can be a number, letter or symbol. Each byte resides temporarily on the computer’s memory and this specific location is called an address. i.e. 01011101, 11110110 01010110 etc

Other higher memory units associated with bytes are:

1. Kilobyte
2. Megabyte

• Gigabyte

1. Terabyte

KILOBYTE (KB):                This is equivalent to 2¹⁰ =1,024 bytes.

MEGABYTE (MB):             A megabyte is equivalent to 2²⁰ = 1,048,576 bytes

GIGABYTE (GB):               A gigabyte is equivalent to 2³⁰ = 1,073,741824 bytes

TERABYTE (TB):    A terabyte is equivalent to 2⁴⁰ = 1,099,511,627,780 bytes

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