(i) Hardness: The hardness of a metal is a measure of its ability to withstand scratching, wear and abrasion and indentation by harder bodies

(ii) Toughness: This is the amount of energy a material can absorb before it fractures.

(iii) Strength: the strength of a metal is its ability to resist the application of force without rupture i.e. tensile, compressive and shear forces.

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