I. Carbohydrate: Obtained from sugar, starch, and cellulose
(i) provide heat and energy:
II. Protein: Obtained from animals (meat, game, poultry, fish, egg e t c) and vegetables (Beans, peas nuts e t c )
(i) Needed for growth:
(ii) Repair body tissues
(iii) Any spare protein is used for producing heat and energy
III. Fats: Obtained from (a) animal (outer, land, cheese, cream bacom, etc)
(i) Protect vital organs of the body
(ii) Provide heat and energy
(iii) Provide vitamins
(IV) Minerals: Obtained from Iron and Calcium e.g. milk and milk, bones and green Vegetables.
(i) Calcium is required for
(a) Building bone s and teeth
(b) Clotting of the blood
(c) The working of the muscles
(ii) Phosphorus: is required for:
(a) Building the bones and teeth products
(b) The control of the structure of the brain cells.
(iii) Iron: is required for:
(a) Building of the hemoglobin in the blood
(b) Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide round the body.
(iv) Sodium: is required for body fluids
(v) Iodine: is required for the functioning of the thyroid gland which regulates basal metabolism:
(V). VITAMINS: GENERAL FUNCTION – obtained from meat, vegetables, fruits, milk, bread, cereals, etc.
a) To help the growth of children
b) To protect against disease
(VI) WATER: is required for: – obtained from beverages and food e. g. (water melon, apples, oranges, eggs e t c)
a) All body fluids
b) Digestion
c) Absorption
d) Excretion
e) Secretion
f) Regulating body temperature
