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TOPIC: AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
CONTENT:
- DEFINITION
- Agricultural Extension as a teaching and learning process
- Agricultural Extension Programmes
- Agricultural Extension Methods
- Problems faced by Agricultural EXTENSION in Nigeria
DEFINITION
Agricultural extension can be defined as a process of disseminating information about new farming techniques from research stations to rural farmers through extension agents.
SUBTOPIC 1: AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AS A TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS
Agricultural extension is an informal, out-of-school, voluntary agricultural education process involving the dissemination of useful agricultural skills and developed technologies to be adopted by rural people for an improved agriculture and better life.
Agricultural extension is also the process, system or service which assists farmers or rural people through education procedures in improving farming methods and techniques.
It is aimed at educating rural people and farmers on how to adopt modern methods of farming. It is to teach people how to use their skills, knowledge and information to improve their living standard. In extension, farmers learn reasons for change, value for a change, process of change and the results achievable through change. Agricultural extension differs from formal education in the following ways;
- Agricultural extension is voluntary but not compulsory
- It is problem-centred and not student or learner centred
- It has the field as its classroom
- it involves practical demonstrations
- It involves trained workers in agriculture and Home economics.
OBJECTIVES OR ROLES OR FUNCTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
The following are the objectives or functions of Agricultural extension;
- (i) To create awareness about innovation in farming
- (ii) To teach farmers to adopt innovation in farming
- (iii) It acts as a link between farmers and Researchers
- (iv) It encourages farmer to use local resources to improve their economic, social and technological status and home management.
- (v) It helps to change people’s attitude towards their problems
- (vi) It raises the living standard of the rural people
- (vii) It helps to maximize the utilization of agricultural produce
- (viii) It develops the potentials of the people and their environment by developing their leadership skills
- (ix) It develops the ability of the farmers to make management decisions in agro-business
- (x) It helps to organize farmers into cooperative societies
- (xi) It assists farmers to locate sources of credit
- (xii) Agricultural extension helps to supervise the use of agricultural loans by farmers
- (xiii) It assists farmers to locate sources of farm input
- (xiv) It helps farmers to locate marketing channel outlets
- (xv) It assists in planning and executing farming educational programmes
- (xvi) It assists in supervising and evaluating agricultural development programmes.
PRINCIPLES OF EXTENSION
Extension as a teaching-learning process consists of the communicator (extension worker), the
message and the learner( that is the farmer).
- Extension should start from where the people are and move to higher levels (from known to unknown)
- It should be based on the needs and interest of the people which must be related to their likelihood
- Extension should assist people to determine their own problems, help them to find solutions and encourage them to take actions
- It should be based on the needs of the people which must be related to their livelihood
- It should work with all members of the family
- Extension should use different methods of teaching rural people in order to keep their interest in the process
- It should assess its work regularly to see how much of the objectives have been achieved.
- It should work towards encouraging the development of volunteer local leaders.
EVALUATION
- Define Agricultural Extension
- State three differences between Agricultural extension and formal classroom education.
- Enumerate ten (10) importance of Agricultural extension.
SUBTOPIC 2: AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROGRAMME
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