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WEEK: 8
TOPIC: KARST TOPOGRAPHY
CONTENT:
- UNDERGROUND FEATURE
- IMPORTANCE OF KARST TOPOGRAPHY
SUB-TOPIC 1: UNDERGROUND FEATURES
CAVES AND CAVERNS: These are underground features of limestone region. There are large underground spaces formed as a result of the sinking and flowing of water into the limestone through joins and bedding planes.
Diagram showing limestone and underground features of karst regions
LIMESTONE GORGE: This has vertical sides formed when the roof of an underground cave collapses or river cuts across and run down into a limestone region.
RESURGENCE OR SPRINGS: These results from water sinking into the underground. When the water meets hard rock underground it re-emerge below the limestone to form spring or resurgence.
STALACTITES: They are found in caves and they grow up, downwards and may dis-stalagmite to form to form pillars. There are sharp slender and downward growing pinnacles that hang from the roof of the caves.
STALAGMITES: These are also underground features of limestone region. There are formed when water drips down stalactite to the floor; evaporation then occurs while calcium is deposited, leading to the formation of stalagmite. They are shorter, fatter and more rounded.
PILLAR: Natural pillar is formed by the joining of the stalactite hanging from the roof to the stalagmite growing from the floor of the cave.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STALACTITE AND STALAGMITE
- Stalactite hangs on the cave roof while stalagmite grows from the floor of the cave.
- Stalactite is needle-shaped feature while stalagmite is thicker than the stalactite.
- Stalactite grows downward towards the floor of the cave while stalagmite grows upward towards the roof of the cave.
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