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WEEK 2

TOPIC: ALKANOATES:

  1. Sources, nomenclature.
  2. Preparation and structure.
  3. Physical and chemical properties and uses.

PERIOD  1: SOURCES, NOMENCLATURE

Alkanoates are found widely in nature. Short carbon chain simple alkanoates exist as liquids and have a characteristic pleasant smell. They occur in essential oils, many fruits and flowers and sometimes called fruit essence because of the pleasant odours. The general molecular formula is CnH2n+1COOCnH2n+1. The structural formula is:

The names end in-ate

EVALUATION:

  1. State four sources of alkanoate
  2. Give the IUPAC names of the following:
  1. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOC3H7
  2. HCOOC2H5
  1. Draw the structures of the following”
  • Ethyl butanoate, propyl ethanoate, propyl propanoate.

PERIOD 2: PREPARATION OF ALKANOATE

Alkanoates are prepared by esterification reaction between alkanoic acid and alkanols in the presence of concentrated tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid.

RCOOH + R1OH  → RCOOR1 + H2O

In this reaction the alkyl group of alkanol replaces the acidic hydrogen of the alkanoic acid

Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol to give ethyl ethanoate.

CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH   → CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O

Ethyl propanoate is prepared by the reaction between ethanol and propanoic acid.

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