SS2 Third Term Food and Nutrition Lesson Note – Nutritional Needs of the Family

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WEEK 4

TOPIC: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF THE FAMILY

CONTENTS:

1. Infants and children, Adolescents
2. Pregnant and lactating mothers, Adults

• Meal planning, Factors affecting meal planning.

Sub Topic 1: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN (FROM BIRTH-1 YEAR):

At this stage, the infant starts with only breast milk, as the baby is growing, he begins to eat weaning foods. Breast milk is the best nutrients for infants. At infancy stage, the rate of growth is highest and the child is susceptible to infections. Adequate sources of nourishment should be milk. After about six months infants can be introduced to semi-solid foods.

Nutritional requirements of infants and smaller children

1. High quality protein in adequate quantity should be given. Protein rich in all essential amino acids should be consumed.
2. Adequate amount of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus for good bone development.
3. Adequate amount of protective nutrients. E.g. vitamins especially Vit. C for prevention of infections and Vit. A for eyesight.
4. Vitamin B₁₂ folic acid and iron for blood synthesis
5. Vitamin B-complex. E.g. B₁, B₂, B5 and B₆ for energy metabolism and development of good appetite.
6. Adequate amount of water to enhance digestion

ADOLESCENTS: It is a period of rapid growth. This “Spurt” in growth demands proper feeding. Adolescents have increased appetite. Adolescents engage themselves with physical exercise so they need energy-giving foods. An adolescent is between 11-20 years of age. They need protein foods, vitamins and minerals. Their nutritional needs include:

1. High quantity and quality protein to meet the growth spurt
2. High energy intake and by implication adequate vitamin B-complex for energy metabolism
3. Increase intake of iron, vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid to enhance blood synthesis to be able to cope up with the periodic loss of blood due to menstruation by the girls.
4. Adequate consumption of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium for strong bones
5. Food must be served in large portions.
6. There should be adequate consumption of water.

Sub Topic 2:

THE ADULT: An adult is a person who has reached maturity, is grown in size and strength. The adult requires adequate nutrition for the maintenance of body processes and everyday

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