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WEEK: 9
TOPIC: ALKANOLS
CONTENT:
- Classes and types of alkanols
- Laboratory and industrial production of alkanols,
- Physical and chemical properties of alkanols
- Laboratory test and uses of alkanols.
PERIOD 1: CLASSES AND TYPES OF ALKANOLS
CLASSES OF ALKANOLS
There are three classes of alkanols – primary, secondary and tertiary.
Primary () alkanols: These have only one alkyls group attached to the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group e.g. C2H5OH, C4H9OH etc. Example: C2H5OH,
Secondary () alkanols: These have two alkyls attached to the carbon that carries the hydroxyl group e.g., Example: CH3 CH2 CH (OH) CH3 (Botan – 2- ol)
Tertiary () Alkanols: These have three alkyl group attached to the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group. Example:
C (CH3)3OH (2-methylpropan-2-ol).
TYPES OF ALKANOLS
- Trihydric alkanols: These are alkanols with three (3) OH groups per molecule e.g. propane-1, 2, 3-triol
- Dihydric alkanols: These contain 2 OH groups per molecule e.g. ethane-1, 2-diol
- Monohydric alkanols: These contain only one (1) OH group per molecule e.g. ethanol, C2H5OH, etc.
They have the general molecular formula CnH2n+1OH. This is sometimes written as ROH. Where R stands for an alkyl group
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