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TOPIC: ALKANOLS

CONTENT:     

  1. CLASSES AND TYPES OF ALKANOLS
  2. LABORATORY AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF ALKANOLS,
  3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKANOLS
  4. LABORATORY TEST AND USES OF ALKANOLS.

PERIOD 1: CLASSES  AND TYPES OF ALKANOLS

CLASSES OF ALKANOLS

There are three classes of alkanols – primary, secondary and tertiary.

  1. Primary ( ) alkanols: These have only one alkyls group attached to the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group e.g. C2H5OH, C4H9OH etc. Example: C2H5OH,
  1. Secondary ( ) alkanols: These have two alkyls attached to the carbon that carries the hydroxyl group e.g. Example: CH3 CH2 CH (OH) CH3 (Botan – 2- ol)
  2. Tertiary ( ) Alkanols: These have three alkyl group attached to the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group. Example:

C (CH3)3OH (2-methylpropan-2-ol).

TYPES OF ALKANOLS

  1. Trihydric alkanols: These are alkanols with three (3) OH groups per molecule e.g. propane-1, 2, 3-triol
  2. Dihydric alkanols: These contain 2 OH groups per molecule e.g. ethane-1, 2-diol
  3. Monohydric alkanols: These contain only one (1) OH group per molecule e.g. ethanol, C2H5OH, etc.

 

They have the general molecular formula CnH2n+1OH. This is sometimes written as ROH. Where R stands for an alkyl group

Examples of the first five members of the group are:

Chemical Formula Name Structural Formula
 

CH3OH

 

Methanol

 

C2H5OH

 

Ethanol

 

 

C3H7OH

 

 

Propanol

 

 

 

C4H9OH

 

 

 

Butanol

 

 

 

C5H11OH

Pentanol

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SEE ALSO  SS2 First Term Further Mathematics Lesson Note – Combination

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