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TOPIC: PRINCIPLES OF FARM-STEAD PLANNING AND LOCATION OF BUILDING / STRUCTURE
CONTENT:
(A) Principles of farm planning or layout (i) farm stead siting soil (ii) water supply (iii) topography etc.
(B) Location of farm buildings e.g farm gate, pens, sheds etc.
SUB TOPIC I: Principles of farm planning / lay out
 MEANING OF FARM STEAD
A farm stead is the dwelling place and production centre in a farm enterprise. Therefore when planning a farm stead, the comfort and well being of the farm family and the optimal utilization of resources should be uppermost in the mind of the farmer.
The plans show the positions and areas of the different farm enterprise roads, farm house, grazing land and other structures.
DEFINITION OF A FARM STEAD
- Farm stead can be defined as a farm house and all its production and processing structure.
- Farm stead refers to the building and structure of different types such as barns, sheds, pens and others found in the farm.
- Farm stead is the physical unit representing living quarters, offices stores, and production units and processing structures.
FARM STEAD PLANNING: This is a plan to establish a farm house and all its production and processing structure taking into consideration the comfort of the farm family i.e farmer, his family and other workers or laborers on the farm.
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED / NECESSARY IN SITING FARM STEAD
- TOPOGRAPHY:
- Topography determines the location of farm buildings and structures.
- Farm buildings or living quarters are usually located on high elevators for proper viewing of the farm.
- Animal quarters should be located four from the staff living quarter.
- Locate crops such as vegetables on low lying areas where moisture content is high.
- Fish ponds are located on sloppy grounds
- Irrigation farms are best sited on flat grounds.
- SOIL TYPE
- Crop farms are sited on soils that are fertile
- Pastures are sited on less fertile soil
- Farm buildings and structures are best located on poor soils.
- Farms roads are best constructed on well drained poor soils.
- ACCESSIBILITY
- Locate facilities within walking distance
- Provide good roads to facilitate the transportation of inputs
- Ensure easy accessibility and evacuation of farm produce.
- Good accessibility makes marketing of farm produce possible
- WATER SUPPLY
- Livestock structure building should be located to source of water
- Supply for easy cleaning
- Water is required for irrigation purpose
- NEARNESS TO MARKET
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