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Types of Transportation
There are four major forms or components of the transportation system. They are:
- Land
- water or sea
- air
- Pipeline
TRANSPORTATION BY LAND:
Land transportation is the movement of goods and people from one place to another by land. Land transportation can be sub-divided into two: road and rail transportation.
Road transportation: It is the movement of goods and people from one place to another on road. Examples of this type of land transportation are motor vehicles, trailer, buses, motorcycles, camels and so on. In Nigeria, road transport is the most used means of transportation across the villages, towns and cities.
Rail Transportation
Rail transport is the means of conveying goods and passengers from one place to another by train. Heavy and bulky goods are carried by train. A train moves on special routes. It moves on iron tracks known as railway lines. In Nigeria, the Nigerian Railway Corporation manages the rail system.
There two types of train. They are (a) the passenger train and the cargo or goods train. Passenger train carries people while cargo train carries goods.
TRANSPORT BY PIPELINE
Transport by pipeline is the movement of gases and liquid from one place to another through the use of pipeline. Pipelines are constructed or laid underground as means of carrying water, gases and petroleum products. In Nigeria, pipelines are constructed to transport crude oil from Warri to Kaduna refinery.
TRANSPORT BY AIR.
Transport by air means the movement of people and goods from one place to another through the air by aeroplanes, helicopters, hovercrafts, jets etc. This is the fastest means of transport and is carried out on fixed routes. Air transport is comfortable but expensive. Air transport has aided both local and international trade. Some airlines operating in Nigeria include Belview, Okada, ADC etc.
TRANSPORT BY WATER OR SEA
Water transport is the movement of people and goods from one place to another through rivers, oceans and seas etc. by ships, canoes etc. Water transport facilitates international trade between different nations because goods and people can be easily transferred. The Nigerian Ports Authority is responsible for providing facilities as well as management of the ports in Nigeria. Water or sea transport is divided into two:
- Inland water transport
- International water transport
Inland water transport involves movement of passengers and goods through the rivers, canals, creeks and lakes within the country. Inland water transport aids home trade but passenger transport through water ways is not popular in Nigeria except for areas surrounded by water. Inland water transport is carried out by the following means: Canoes, Engine, boats, Ferry boats, Launches.
International water transport ensures that cargoes and people are moved from one country to another through the seas and oceans. Since one port is connected to another, it aids foreign trade. The various means of transportation by sea are; ocean liners (passenger and cargo) tramp liners, coastal liners and special purpose ship.
- Ocean liners: it sails through the high seas and oceans in all the continents of the world, e.g. Atlantic, Indian and pacific oceans etc. It is divided into: passengers and cargo liners and they charge standard rates.
- Passenger liners are luxurious ship which conveys passengers from one place to another on a definite or specific route and they usually move on scheduled timetable.
- Cargo liners are ships which carry heavy and bulky goods from one place to another on the high seas and oceans. Cargo liners operate on a specific timetable and they normally run on definite routes. They can also carry few passengers.
Characteristics of ocean liners
- Ocean liners act as passenger liners, passenger-cargo liners, and cargo liners, ranging from say 10,000 to 50,000 gross tonnages or more.
- They maintain a regular service, I e at scheduled times between specified ports and at a scheduled freight charges.
- Their freight charges are normally fixed by the shipping companies themselves.
- Cargoes may vary from comparatively small but valuable cargoes to the more bulky cargoes of the cargo-liners.
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