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TOPIC: ALKANOLS
CONTENT:
- CLASSES AND TYPES OF ALKANOLS
- LABORATORY AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF ALKANOLS,
- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKANOLS
- LABORATORY TEST AND USES OF ALKANOLS.
PERIOD 1: CLASSES AND TYPES OF ALKANOLS
CLASSES OF ALKANOLS
There are three classes of alkanols – primary, secondary and tertiary.
- Primary ( ) alkanols: These have only one alkyls group attached to the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group e.g. C2H5OH, C4H9OH etc. Example: C2H5OH,
- Secondary ( ) alkanols: These have two alkyls attached to the carbon that carries the hydroxyl group e.g. Example: CH3 CH2 CH (OH) CH3 (Botan – 2- ol)
- Tertiary ( ) Alkanols: These have three alkyl group attached to the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group. Example:
C (CH3)3OH (2-methylpropan-2-ol).
TYPES OF ALKANOLS
- Trihydric alkanols: These are alkanols with three (3) OH groups per molecule e.g. propane-1, 2, 3-triol
- Dihydric alkanols: These contain 2 OH groups per molecule e.g. ethane-1, 2-diol
- Monohydric alkanols: These contain only one (1) OH group per molecule e.g. ethanol, C2H5OH, etc.
They have the general molecular formula CnH2n+1OH. This is sometimes written as ROH. Where R stands for an alkyl group
Examples of the first five members of the group are:
| Chemical Formula | Name | Structural Formula |
|
CH3OH |
Methanol |
|
|
C2H5OH |
Ethanol |
|
|
C3H7OH |
Propanol |
|
|
C4H9OH |
Butanol |
|
|
C5H11OH |
Pentanol |  |
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