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TOPIC: Artificial Insemination
CONTENT:
(a) Meaning of artificial insemination
(b) Processes or Procedures of artificial insemination
Sub-Topic 1: MEANING OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
Meaning of Artificial Insemination
Artificial Mating/Insemination is the introduction of semen into the female animals’ reproductive tract that is on heat without the use of male animals. This varies considerably in different species. The aim is to achieve fertilization of the female without the male physically
Procedures or Processes of Artificial Insemination
Artificial insemination is a process involving many specialized stages. It involves
- Assessment of male animal
- Semen collection
- Semen evaluation
- Semen processing
- Semen storage
- Heat detection
- Deposition of semen
Assessment of male Animal
It is important that performance records of males (stud) should be well kept to known the past performance
Semen collection
The goal is to collect the maximum quantity of spermatozoa at each ejaculation. The semen collected from the male animal must be well preserved to ensure viability of the spermatozoa.
Methods of semen collection
Semen is collected from the male of desirable traits with the use of
- Dummy female
- Electro-ejaculator
- Artificial vagina
- Spooning or recovery method
- Manual stimulation of rectum.
Semen evaluation
     Semen evaluation is very important in order to assess the quality and purity after collection. The following are evaluated
- Sperm appearance: Opaque semen are of higher quality than translucent semen. Red or yellow semen is an indication of blood spot or diseased condition. Semen must be free from hair, dirt, manure or globules of different colour.
- Quality of semen: The volume must be compared with established standard bearing in mind the age, season and the breed of the animal.
- Concentration: This is an assessment of the sperm count determined in the laboratory. Semen concentration greatly influenced or determines the viability of semen.
- Semen pH: The normal pH range of semen is 5-11.
Semen processing
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