SS1 Chemistry Lesson Note on Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

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DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

Dalton’s law of partial pressure states that for a mixture of gases that do not react chemically, the total pressure exerted by the mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

Mathematically, Dalton’s law of partial pressure for a mixture of n gases can be expressed as:

P_total = P₁ +P₂+P₃ +………..+ P_n where P_total is the total pressure exerted by the mixture of gases that dot not react, P₁, P₂, P₃……P_n are partial pressure of the individual gases.

Example:

If 20.0dm³ of hydrogen were collected over water at 17^oC and 79.7kNm^-2 pressure; Calculate the

(a) Pressure of dry hydrogen at this temperature.

(b) Volume of dry hydrogen at s.t.p.

( vapour pressure of water is 1.90 kNm^-2 at 17^OC)

Solution:

(a) P_H2  =  P_total – P_{water vapour}

=  79.7 – 1.90

=  77.8 kNm^-2

(b)   =

=

=  14.5dm³

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