1. Case Hardening is the process of making the outer part of a component to be hard while leaving the inner part soft.

2. Tempering: This is the process of making or reducing the hardness of a component to a tolerance or the require hardness.

3. Normalizing: This is the process of making or refining the internal structure of a distorted grain structure of any component i.e bringing a material back to its original structure after deformation by force.

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