SS3 Second Term Agricultural Science Lesson Note – Principles of Animal Health Management

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 WEEK 3-4

PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT

Meaning and Causes of Livestock Disease

A disease can be defined as any abnormality in the functions of the tissues, organs or system of the animal body.  In other words, disease is any conditions in which these is a deviation from normal state of health or normal functioning of any or all the tissues and organs of the animal body. Animal diseases are generally caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and malnutrition.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESISTANCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASES

The difference between resistance and susceptibility to disease is that an animals is said to be resistant to disease when it is not affected by an invading pathogenic disease-causing organism or pathogen while the animal is said to be susceptible to disease when it is not able to ward off the effect of the invading pathogenic organism, in which case it manifests disease symptoms.

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF ANIMAL DISEASES

1. The diseases bring about poor growth of animals.
2. Disease lead to poor feed utilization by animals due to loss of appetite or anorexia
3. Disease bring about low yield of products
4. Diseases in animals produce low income for farmers due to reduced quantity and quality of products and death of the animals.

FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF AN ANIMAL’S RESISTANCE TO A DISEASE

The factors which determine the degree of an animal’s resistance to disease are:

1. Development to immunity
2. Specie of animals
3. Inoculation
4. Level of feeding
5. Age of animal
6. Physiological condition of the animal

CONDITIONS THAT MAY INACTIVATE A PATHOGEN

Conditions that may inactive or will not bring back to active life a pathogen are:

1. Low temperature
2. High temperature
3. Sunlight and x-rays
4. High pH medium
5. Low Ph medium
6. Dryness or low relative humidity

FACTORS THAT COULD PRE-DISPOSE ANIMALS TO DISEASE

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