SS3 First Term Biology Lesson Note – Reproductive Systems and Reproduction in Humans

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WEEK 3

TOPIC: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS AND REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS

CONTENTSS

1. Reproductive system in males and female
2. Function of various parts
3. Structure of a male sperm and ovum
4. Fertilization
5. Fusion of gametes
6. Implantation
7. Development of embryo
8. Selective exchange between mother and child and removal of excretory product from foetus; survival conditions like food, oxygen, ammotic fluid, placenta and umbilical cord

SUB-TOPIC 1: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN HUMANS

The reproductive system in human is the most highly developed among the animals. Basically, the male and the female reproductive system consist of the gonad where the sex cell or gametes, as well as glands that are involved in secretion of hormones and fluids essential for development and sexual process.

The reproductive system consists of the internal genitalia which are contained within the abdominal cavity and the external genitalia which is found outside the body in the groin region

1. THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN A MALE HUMAN

The male reproductive system consists of the following organs

1. The testes: these are two ovoid structure situated in the scrotal sac. They are external and suspended in the posterior end of the abdominal cavity. They have descended into the scrotum at birth. They require temperature range of below 35⁰C to function effectively. The testes contain coiled tubules called seminiferous tubes. This contains actively dividing cells that produce sperm cells. The seminiferous tubes continue and emerge into a spongy structure called epididymis atop the testes. This structure stores sperms produced in the testes. The cells of these tubules divide repeatedly to form sperm cells in a process called spermatogenesis. The testes produce the sperm-the male gametes. It also secretes the hormones testosterone, which is responsible for producing secondary sex characteristics in males as well as stimulating sperm production
2. Vas deferens: this is called the sperm duct. It is a continuation of the epididymis. It serves as the pathway through which sperm cell run from the epididymis and opens into the urethra.

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