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WEEK 8
TOPIC: HYDROCARBONS
CONTENTS:
ISOMERISM
Definition: Isomerism is the existence of two or more compounds (known as isomers) with the same molecular formulae but different molecular structures
ISOMERISM IN ALKANES
Structural isomerism in alkanes is obtained by branching the straight chain isomer.
(a) Draw the isomers of the compound with molecular formula
(i) C4H10
CH3CH2CH2CH3 (butane); CH3CH(CH3)CH3 2-methylpropane
(ii) C5H12 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 Pentane CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2 2-methylbutane CH3CH(CH3)2CH3 2,2-dimethypropane
GEOMETRIC ISOMERISM
This is the existence of of organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangement of compound atoms. Geometric isomers have similar chemical properties but different physical properties. We have the cis-isomers and trans-isomers. Geometric isomerism is common in alkenes.
ALKENES
The alkenes are the homologous series with the general molecular formula CnH2n; n starts from 2. They are unsaturated hydrocarbons due to the double bond in their structures.
ISOMERISM IN ALKENES
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