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CLASS: SS2
TOPIC: Livestock Management:
CONTENTS:
(a) Meaning of livestock management
(b) Requirement for livestock management
(i) Diseases control
(ii) Housing
(iii) Feeding
(iv) Hygiene etc. (poultry, ruminant and non-ruminant.
(c) Importance of these management practices
(d) Livestock production project.
Sub-topic: 1
Meaning of Livestock Management: Livestock management refers to the activities carried out by a farmer in his effort to raise farm animals from day old to the point of marketing or disposing the animals. It involves the provision and maintenance of adequate housing, good feeding, sanitation and Medicare.
Requirement for Livestock Management: In order to successfully managed livestock for maximum benefits the following factors (requirements) have to be made available.
- Water
- Housing in good location with the necessary equipment
- Favorable climatic conditions
- Knowledge of the breed of animals to be produced
- Knowledge of pests and diseases the affect the proposed animals
- The technical expertise about the animals to rear
- Nearness to market, good (motorable) roads and storage facilities
- Finance available for the operating farmers
Systems of Raising Livestock: There are three systems of raising livestock
- Extensive or free range system
- Semi-intensive system
- Intensive system
Extensive or free range system: In this system, animals are left to search for food for themselves. It is the oldest and traditional method of rearing animal practiced generally in Nigeria
Semi-intensive system: In semi-intensive system animals are raised partly indoor and partly outdoor. Some housing and feeding are basically provided for the animal but they freely look for food and water most part of the day. Supplementary feeding is usually provided in form of concentrates, minerals, vitamins, salt licks within the shelter are provided for them.
Intensive system: This is the system whereby animals are restricted or confined within a pen or a cage and all feeding, watering, medication, vaccination and other management are provided
Requirement for Cattle Management: They belong to the group of known as Bovidae. These are ruminants which are reared for meat, milk hide and skin, blood, bone and for work.
Breeds of Cattle
Beef Cattle: This type of breed are reared purposely for meat. Examples include
- N’ dama,
- Red Bororo,
- Sokoto Gudali,
- Keteku/Borgu
- Kuri/ lake chad cattle
- Rahaji,
- Brown Swiss,
Dairy Cattle: this type are reared purposely for milk . Examples include
- White Fulani
- Jersey
- Red poll
- Kerry
- Friesian
- Dexter
- South devon
- Dairy short horn
- Aushere
- Guemsey
Dua-purpose Cattle: They are reared for both meat and milk production. E.g
- Muturu
- Biu
- Azawal
- Shuwa
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