SS2 First Term Computer Studies Lesson Note – Central Processing Unit

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WEEK 2

TOPIC:  CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

CONTENT: 

1. Central Processing Unit
2. Functions of ALU and Control Unit
3. Control Unit

Sub-Topic 1:  CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

The Central Processing Unit (CPU): Is the portion of a computer system that executes the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the functions of the computer or other processing device. The Central Processing Unit carries out each instruction of the program in sequence, perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.

Also, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the part of a computer that thinks, calculates and carries out instruction. It is also called the brain of the computer. It is sometimes called the Central Processor or simply the Processor.

A computer can have more than one CPU; this is called multiprocessing. CPU can be found in the motherboard. All the functions of the CPU are stored in a component called the chip.

COMPONENTS OF CPU

CPU consists of two main units namely;

• Arithmetic Logic Unit
• Control Unit

Sub-Topic 2:  ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT

The ALU is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the CPU of a computer.

ALU performs the following functions:

(i)  The ALU performs basic such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and so on.

(ii)   The logic unit of the ALU is concerned with logical operations such as comparison (Greater than (>), less than (<), equal to (=) etc), bitwise logic operations like AND, OR, XOR etc.

(iii)   ALU consists of output registers that store results of processed data.

CONTROL UNIT

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