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TOPIC: Transportation.
CONTENT: (i) Documents
(ii) Functions of Ports Authority and Airports authority.
Sub-Topic 1: Documents used in transportation
- Bill of lading: This is a document that gives the holder the right to acquire possession of goods that have been shipped. This is a contract between the exporter and the shipping company, stating the terms under which the goods are to be exported. It shows the name of the vessel, the port of destination and the rate of freight. When the goods are loaded into the ship they are checked for any damage or defects. If the goods are free from any defect, a clean bill of lading would be issued but if the goods are damaged, a dirty or foul bill of lading indicating the damaged is issued.
- Certificate of insurance: Is a document t which shows that the goods have been insured against risks or loss by the exporter.
- Airway bill or air consignment note: Airway bill is a contract document issued by an airline (or its agent) for the transportation of goods from a specified airport to another. It shows the name and address of the consignor, consignee and the particulars to the goods such as size. Weight, value and airport of destination. However, unlike a bill of lading, an airway bill cannot be transferred from one party to another in order to convey the title to the goods, i.e. it is not negotiable and neither is it a document of title to the goods.
- Travellers Tickets: A travel or transport ticket is a voucher or commercial document that indicates that the ticket owner has paid for the right to board a flight, train or road vehicle which the ticket relates to.
- Manifest: This is a document that contains a full list of a ship’s cargo or goods, passengers, and crew conveyed by a ship, aircraft, or vehicle. It is signed by the captain of a ship or pilot of an aircraft.
- Delivery note: Is a document that accompanies the delivery of goods. This is to obtain the signature of the buyer, confirming to the fact that a certain quantity of the goods has been received in a stated condition.
- Advice note: This is the document issued by the seller’s warehouse to be received by the warehouse of the customer for record purposes. In short, it is a ‘warehouse to warehouse’ document.
- Dock receipt: This is the receipt issued and signed by an import broker or receiving at the dock or container terminal as proof of the delivery of the goods to the dock under the conditions stated thereon. It is issued in advance of the bill of lading. The dock receipt can be clean or foul, depending on whether the goods are received in good or defective condition.
- Consular invoice: A special type of invoice issued to the importer by the exporter, it contains all the information contained in a normal, invoice , but within the document the exporter has to verify the value of the goods
- Mate’s Receipt: This is the receipt issued by the ship-owner after the goods have been loaded into the ship, to acknowledge receipt of the goods. It is issued temporarily pending the availability of the bill of lading when the shipper (exporter) would have to surrender the mate’s receipt in exchange for the bill of lading. It is neither a document of title nor a negotiable instrument.
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