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HYDROCARBON
- STRUCTURE AND VALENCY OF CARBON, HYDROCARBON – MEANING AND EXAMPLES,
- HOMOLOGOUS SERIES- CHARACTERISTICS, AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP
- SATURATED HYDROCARBON-ALKANES
PERIOD 1: STRUCTURE AND VALENCY OF CARBON
Carbon atom belongs to group IV of the periodic table of element. The excited state electronic configuration of carbon is 1s2 2s2 2px1 2p1y 2pz1. A carbon has four electrons in its outer shell and uses by sharing electrons to form covalent bonds. Carbon atoms can combine with one another to form chains and rings of different sizes. Carbon atom can catenate that is they can form single double or triple covalent bonds with themselves.
HYDROCARBONS MEANING AND EXAMPLES
Hydrocarbons are compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Hydrocarbons are classified into two classed (1) Aliphatic compounds and (2) aromatic compounds.
Aliphatic compounds are either acyclic or cyclic.
Acyclic compounds are straight chain or branched chain hydrocarbons. They the alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. E.g
In cyclic compounds the carbon atom form a ring e.g
EVALUATION
- Explain the term ‘catenation’
- What is aliphatic hydrocarbon?
PERIOD 2 AND 3: HOMOLOGOUS SERIES AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP
Definition: A homologous series is a family of organic compounds which follows a regular structural pattern, in which each successive member differs in its molecular formula by a – CH2 group.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HOMOLOGOUS SERIES AND NAMING-IUPAC
- All members of a series share a general molecular formula.
- Each successive member of a series differs in its molecular formula by the addition of a—– CH2 group and in its relative molecular mass by an increase of 14.
- The physical properties of the members in a series change gradually as the number of carbon atoms per molecule increase.
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