The website has the complete lesson note for all the subjects in secondary school but this piece showcases the SS2 Chemistry Lesson Note on Physical and Chemical Properties of Hydrogen. You can use the website search button to filter out the subject of interest to you.
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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
The chemical reactions of hydrogen arise from the fact that it can donate its single electron to form a positive ion [H+]; it can accept electron [to give a doublet structure] to form a negative hydride ion [H–] and it can share electron with another atom to form a covalent molecule.
2Li + H2 → 2LiH (Lithium hydride)
Ca + H2 → CaH2 [Calcium hydride]
The hydrides react with water with the liberation of hydrogen.
CaH2(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ca[OH]2(aq) + 2H2(g)
(ii) Non-metallic hydrides: Hydrogen forms mainly covalent compounds with less electropositive metals [e.g. aluminium] and with non-metals. These are covalent hydrides. The reaction is spontaneous as shown in the reaction with fluorine and chlorine.
F2(g) + H2(g) → 2HF ——————-(1)
Cl2(g) + H2(g) → 2HCl (g) —————–(2)
The reaction with chlorine is explosive in the presence of sunlight. Reactions with oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen require the use of catalyst.
Hydrogen reacts with molten sulphur to form hydrogen sulphide which smells like a rotten egg and it also reacts with nitrogen to form ammonia.
H2(g) + S(s) → H2S(g) ————(3)
3H2(g) + N2(g) → 2NH3(g)———(4)
PbO(s) + H2(g) → Pb(s) + H2O(g)
FeO4(s) + 4H2(g) ⇌ 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g)
The reaction of tri-iron tetraoxide and hydrogen is a reversible reaction, other reduction reaction are
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)
The reaction is explosive and gives out a large amount heat.
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