SS2 Chemistry Lesson Note on Alkanols

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TOPIC: ALKANOLS

CONTENT:     

1. CLASSES AND TYPES OF ALKANOLS
2. LABORATORY AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF ALKANOLS,
3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKANOLS
4. LABORATORY TEST AND USES OF ALKANOLS.

PERIOD 1: CLASSES  AND TYPES OF ALKANOLS

CLASSES OF ALKANOLS

There are three classes of alkanols – primary, secondary and tertiary.

1. Primary ( ) alkanols: These have only one alkyls group attached to the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group e.g. C₂H₅OH, C₄H₉OH etc. Example: C₂H₅OH,

2. Secondary ( ) alkanols: These have two alkyls attached to the carbon that carries the hydroxyl group e.g. Example: CH₃ CH2 CH (OH) CH₃ (Botan – 2- ol)
3. Tertiary ( ) Alkanols: These have three alkyl group attached to the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group. Example:

C (CH₃)₃OH (2-methylpropan-2-ol).

TYPES OF ALKANOLS

1. Trihydric alkanols: These are alkanols with three (3) OH groups per molecule e.g. propane-1, 2, 3-triol
2. Dihydric alkanols: These contain 2 OH groups per molecule e.g. ethane-1, 2-diol
3. Monohydric alkanols: These contain only one (1) OH group per molecule e.g. ethanol, C₂H₅OH, etc.

 

They have the general molecular formula C_nH2_n+1OH. This is sometimes written as ROH. Where R stands for an alkyl group

Examples of the first five members of the group are:

Chemical Formula	Name	Structural Formula
CH3OH	Methanol
C2H5OH	Ethanol
C3H7OH	Propanol
C4H9OH	Butanol
C5H11OH	Pentanol

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