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WEEK 2
TOPIC: Data presentation
CONTENT: Graphs and charts:
- Pictogram
- frequency distribution
- Bar chart
- Pie chart
- Histogram
- Frequency polygon
- Cumulative frequency.
Data presentation
Statistics is a general word for the presentation, study and interpretation of information (usually numerical information or data). Accurate and well-presented statistics can help decision makers in government, commerce and industry to make sound choices in relation to the distribution of resources, population needs and market trends. Good data presentation is a necessary condition for good statistics. Statistical data when collected are raw materials that needs to be classified and then presented in different ways
Pictogram
Pictures or caricatures are often used to relay information. For example, if DLHS Lagos campus purchases 50 bags of rice in a term while DLHS Abuja campus purchases 30 bags, then each campus’ purchase of rice can be shown in a diagram by drawing 5 bags for Lagos campus and 3 bags for Abuja campus.
Frequency Distribution
The most important form of tabulation is the frequency distribution. For easy access to information, data are normally presented using frequency tables. This table marches each data with the number of times it appeared. The number of times a particular item occurs is called the frequency in any distribution.
Example 1: The numbers 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 5
| Item | Frequency |
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 1 |
Example 2
The scores of 30 students in a mathematics test marked out of 10 are as follows:
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