SS1 Third Term Chemistry Lesson Note – Carbon and Its Compound

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WEEK 8

TOPIC: CARBON AND ITS COMPOUND

CONTENT:

• Carbon(iv) oxide (CO₂): preparations, properties and uses.
• Carbon(ii) oxide, CO: preparations, properties and uses. Synthetic gases
• Metallic trioxocarbonates; occurrences, preparation and uses.
• Test for carbon ion

PERIOD 1: CARBON(IV) OXIDE:  PREPARATION AND USES

FORMATION / PREPARATION OF CARBON(IV) OXIDE (CO₂)

In excess air, there is complete combustion; carbon (iv) oxide is produced but in the limited supply of air carbon normally reacts with oxygen to produce carbon(ii) oxide. The equation of reaction is given below for the two reactions.

C_(s)+ CO_2(g)   +   heat (sufficient supply of air)

2C_(s) +   2CO_(g)      +     heat (limited supply of air)

Other methods of preparation of CO₂  are:

1. CH_4(g) + 2O_{2(g)  →}   CO_2(g)   +   2H₂O_(g)
2. The decomposition of trioxocarbonates(IV) salts [except those of Sodium and Potassium] or hydrogen trioxcarbonate(IV) salts, by strong heat e.g

CaCO_3(s) → CaO_(s) + CO₂

2NaHCO_3(s) → Na₂CO_3(s) + H₂O +CO_2(g)

3. Action of dilute mineral acid on trioxocarbonate(IV) or hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV)salt e.g.

Na₂CO_3(s) +    2HCl_(aq)→ 2NaCl_(aq) + H₂O_(l) + CO_2(g)

KHCO_3(s)  + HNO_3(aq) → KNO_3(aq) + H₂O_(l) + 2CO_2(g)

(iv)  The fermentation of glucose by enzyme (zymase)

C₆H₁₂O_6(ag)  → 2C₂H₅OH_(aq) + 2CO_2(g)               

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