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BASES
PERIOD 1: BASES
DEFINITION OF BASES
A base is a substance which will neutralize an acid to yield salt and water only. It is either an oxide or hydroxide of a metal, e.g sodium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc, while; an alkaline is a basic hydroxide which is soluble in water. Bases that are soluble in water are referred to as alkalis. Examples are sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Oxides of heavy metals like PbO, ZnO and CuO are insoluble in water and are therefore bases not alkalis. CaO and MgO are slightly soluble and are alkalis. Like acids, alkalis may be strong or weak.
STRENGTH OF AN ALKALIS:
The strength of an alkali is the degree of its ionization in water. Strong alkalis are completely ionized in water. Examples of strong alkalis are potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide etc. Weak alkalis are partially ionized in water. example of a weak alkali is aqueous ammonia.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BASES
PREPARATION OF BASES
2Ca + O2 → CaO(s)
Ca + H2O → Ca (OH)2 + H2
Cu(OH)2 → CuO + H2O
CuSO4 + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
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