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TOPIC: MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (POULTRY)
CONTENT:
(a) Requirement for Poultry production
- Diseases Control
- Housing
- Feeding
- Hygiene
(b) Importance of the management practices
Sub-topic 1:
Definition: Poultry refers to all birds that are domesticated by man. These include domestic fowl, ducks, geese, turkey, guinea fowl, and pigeons.
Importance of Poultry:
- Provision of meat and eggs as food for man
- Feathers are used for pillows and mattresses
- Eggs are used for producing vaccines
- Poultry manure (guano) is used to fertilize the soil.
- Poultry industry provides employment for many people
- It is a means of income to poultry farmers
- Birds are high and economical converters of feeds.
- Birds are used for scientific experiments because the mature within a relatively short period.
BREEDS OF DOMESTIC FOWL
Breeds purpose
White leghorn egg production
Brown leghorn egg production
Shika brown egg production
Plymouth Rock dual purpose
Rhode Island Red dual purpose
Harco dual purpose
Light Sussex meat production
White Cornish meat production
SYSTEMS OF POULTRY PRODUCTION: The systems are:
- Intensive system
- Semi-intensive
- Extensive system
INTENSIVE SYSTEM: In this system, birds are reared in within a confined environment. Adequate housing, feeding and good hygiene are made available.
The system is further divided into:
- Deep litter system
- Battery cage
DEEP LITTER SYSTEM: Birds (both male and female) are reared together in a suitable room. The floor of the room is concreted and covered with wood shavings which absorbed the water associated with faeces. Water and feeds are given provided.
Advantages
- It facilitates the management of very large stock.
- It increases the rate of growth and production.
- It maximizes the use of labour.
- It reduces the loss of birds to snakes and thieves.
- Birds are protected from harsh weather conditions.
- The rate of growth and production is increased.
- It requires less capital than the battery cage system.
Disadvantages
- Cost of constructing the deep litter system is high.
- Birds tend to waste the feeds.
- Vices like cannibalism, pecking, fighting, egg-sucking, feathers fluffing may be rampant.
- The spread of diseases and pests is rapid.
- Eggs are often stained by faeces on the litters.
- It is very difficult to cull unproductive birds since all of them are housed together.
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