SS 2 Second Term Agricultural Science Lesson Note – Diseases of Major Crops: Important Diseases of Major Crops are Explained

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DISEASES OF MAJOR CROPS: Important diseases of major crops are explained in tabular form below.

S/N	Name of disease	Causal organism	Mode of transmission	Symptoms of disease	Prevention/control
CEREALS
1	Maize smut	Fungus (Ustilago maydis)	Through affected seeds Spore on leaves	Grains with mass of black spores	Plant healthy seeds, treat seeds with fungicides e.g. thiram, carboxin etc.
2	Maize rust	Fungus (Puccinia polysora)	Wind or insect deposit spores on leaves	Brown spot on leaves	Use resistant varieties, use fungicides

3	Rice blast	Fungus (Pyricularia oryzea)	Airborne, spores deposit on leave.	Grains do not fill, dead areas on leaves which may lead to death, low yield	Use resistant varieties, dress seeds with Bordeaux mixture
4.	Rice leave spot	Fungus (Cercospora oryzae)	Wind or rain splash	Reddish brown on leaves	Use resistant variety, burn crop residues
5	Maize streak	virus	By piercing and sucking insects like leaf hoppers	Chlorosis on leaves, shortened internodes	Plant early, use resistant varieties and burn affected plants
LEGUMES
6	Fusarium wilt	Fungus (Fusarium solani)	Air	Rottening of roots, yellowing of leaves and wilting of plants	Use resistant varieties, plant clean seeds
7	Cowpea leaf spot	Bacetrium (Xanthoomonas phaseoli)	Infected seeds, wind and rain drops.	Angular leaf spot, stem and pod lesions	Use resistant varieties, plant clean seeds
8	Root knot	Nematodes	Infected soil and tools	Galls or knots on roots few fruits.	Plant resistant varieties, practice crop rotation
9	Groundnut rosette	Virus	Through aphids	Mottling of young leaflets and chlorosis, leaf distortion with marging rolling inward, green patches on leaves, reduced flowers formation	Early planting, use resistant varieties, crop rotation, destroy insect vectors, regular weeding
ROOTS AND TUBERS
10	Cassava mosaic	Virus	Through white flies, infected cuttings	Yellowish and mottling of leaves. Leaf distortion, reduced photosynthetic activities	Use resistant varieties, spray insecticides, burn infected plants

The table consist of diseases of root and tuber (contd.), fruit, vegetable, spice, fibre etc. Click on the download button to have a complete file.

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