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SUBJECT: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
CLASS: SS 1
TOPIC: Classification of Crops
CONTENT:
- Meaning and Classification of Crop
- Classification of crops based on uses
SUB TOPIC 1: Meaning of Crop
A Crop is any plant grown for specific purpose. Crops supply food, fibre, herbs and other useful materials. To properly distinguish one crop from another, agricultural scientists have come out with ways by which agricultural crops are classified. Crops are classified into three based on (a) uses (b) lifecycle (c) morphology
Classification of crops based on uses
On the basis of what the crops are used for, they are classified as:
- Cereal crops: These are crops that belong to Poaceae family. They are rich source of carbohydrates eg maize, rice, wheat, sorghum, millet, oat and barley.
- Legumes/Pulses: Legumes belong to the family Fabaceae and are rich source of proteins. They are noted for fixing atmospheric nitrogen into the soil by a bacterium known as Rhizobium leguminosarium. Examples of pulses include cowpea, soybean, pigeon pea, ground nut and bambara nut.
- Root and Tuber Crops: These crops produce tubers under the ground either in the root or stem. They are rich source of carbohydrates eg cassava, yam, sweet potato, cocoyam and Irish potato.
- Vegetable Crops: These are grown for their edible vegetative parts such as leaves, fruits or roots which can be eaten fresh or cooked. They are rich in vitamins and minerals essential for healthy human growth e.g amaranthus, okra, egg plants, water leaf, lettuce, celosia, pumpkin, tomato etc
- Fruit Crops: These crops have succulent fruits which are consumed fresh. They are rich source of vitamins and minerals essential for healthy human growth e.g mango, pawpaw, pineapple, cashew, guava, water melon, oranges, pears and apple.
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