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FARM MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENT
CONTENT:
- Farm machinery- Tractor, Bulldozer, Sheller, Dryers, Incubators.
- Tractor- coupled implements: Plough, Harrow, Ridgers, Planters, Harvesters, Sprayer.
SUB TOPIC I: FARM MACHINERY –
Farm machinery refers to complex machine and implement used for carrying out farming operations. Examples includes: Tractors, Bulldozer, Sheller, Dryer, and Incubator. The most important implement or machines in the farm, which is used for operating many farm implements is the Tractor.
These farm machines and implement can be classified into three groups based on source and generation of power as follows:
- Primary Machines: These are the machines that can supply power to other machines and implement for their farming operations. An example is the Tractor.
- Secondary Machines: These are tractors coupled or mounted machinery or implement used for different operations. Examples are Ploughs, harrows, ridgers, planters, harvesters, and sprayers.
- Intermediate Machines: These are powered by a tractor, electricity, or an electric generating set. Examples include grinding machines, incubators.
Examples of this Farm Machinery are:
- Tractor: It is a powerful multi-purpose farm machine capable of using its power to perform various farm operations. It has internal combustion engine with either two or four strokes. It transmits power through the power take-off (PTO) shaft, or by means of a moving belt connecting the tractor to another machine.
A draw bar attached to the tractor is used in coupling other farm implement to it.
Tractors are of different types:
(a) Two-wheeled tractor: – These are tractors with two wheels, used on small farms and in vegetable gardens. They are operated by a man walking behind them and used mainly for light cultivation.
(b) General – purpose tractor: – This is the most common type of tractor. It has power rating of between 30 to 60 horse power
(c) Heavy – wheeled tractors: – These are large tractors with rubbers tyres used for heavy work on the farm such as falling of big trees and stumping power rating.
(d) Track laying Tractors: – These tractors are sometimes called crawler or bulldozer. They differ from the heavy wheeled tractors in that they move on tracks instead of rubber tyres. They can be used for cleaning very thick bush and falling of trees when equipped with a heavy steel blade.
TRACTORS DESCRIPTION
- The tractor is a powerful and expensive multi-purpose motor vehicle used for lifting or pulling farm implements
- It is equipped with a governor system
- It has a power take off (P.T.O) shaft used in drawing farm implements like ploughs, harrows, harvesters, planters, etc
- It has hydraulic control system which lifts mounted implements under the control of the operator
- It consists of an internal combustion engine which uses diesel or petrol without spark plugs.
- It has four wheels with rubber tyres.
- Popular brands or models of tractors are: David brown, Massey Ferguson, Ford and Fiat.
USES OF A TRACTOR
- A tractor is used to pull farm implements like ploughs, harrows, ridgers for land cultivation.
- It is used for transporting farm inputs such as chemicals, fertilizers, manure and farm out put when coupled with a trailer.
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