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SECOND TERM CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ART E LESSON NOTE FOR BASIC SIX
Class: Basic Six
Week: one and two
Topic: Rhythm pattern
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to;
- State the meaning of rhythm
- List types of rhythm
Instructional material/Reference material: Learn Africa Basic Cultural and Creative Art UBE edition for primary schools pupils 6
Building Background /connection to prior knowledge: Students are familiar with rhythm
Content:
Meaning of rhythm
Rhythm in music is the regular repetition or movement of sounds according to chosen time. It can also be described as specific patterns which are formed by series of notes that have different duration and stress. Rhythm is thus the flow of music, which is determined by the speed or tempo of the music. Rhythm in music is very important because it enhances the quality of the sound that is heard. Indeed, a good piece of music is determined by its rhythm. Try to sing the song below and give it a rhythmic pattern.
1 We are H A P P Y (Twice)
We know we are
We are sure we are
We are H A P P Y.
2 Nigeria, my beloved country
Working together.
Composers of music arrange rhythms such that the movement or flow of the music can be identified. The rhythmic pattern itself indicates where count 1 falls in the beat. Now, clap to the rhythmic melody of your favourite song. Tap your foot to the beat. As you clap and tap, can you tell where count 1 is? Your teacher will guide you.
The divisions of the beats give rhythm to a piece of music. When music has a steady beat, the rhythmic patterns that make up the music are generated by sounding tones on the beat, and between the beats. This is done by dividing the beats into groups of 2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and sometimes, more groups. These divisions are called duplet, triplet, quadruplet, quintuplet, sextuplet, septuplet, and octuplet divisions, respectively.
Elements of rhythm
Music is created when two or more objects vibrate. These vibrations produce sound and the music is created through the combination of different elements. These include the following:
1 Beat: This is known as the basic unit of time in a rhythmic arrangement
1 Simple rhythm
2 Compound (complex) rhythm
Simple rhythm
The simple rhythmic movement refers to the simple time-signature. A time is simple when the rhythmic movement is divisible by two. For examples of simple rhythm, see ‘Rhythmic exercises’ below.
Compound rhythm
This rhythmic movement refers to the compound time-signature. A compound time-signature or rhythmic movement uses dotted notes.
Now, clap to the rhythmic patterns you can see in the following illustrations:
Evaluation:
Rhymtic exercise
Fill in the gaps with the correct answers.
1 Rhythm is the arrangement of _______________ notes in different patterns.
2 Rhythm can also be generated by divisions of the _______________.
3 Composers arrange rhythms so that the flow of the _______________ can be _______________.
4 _______________, _______________, and _______________ are the foundational procedures on which music compositions rest.
5 There are _______________ divisions of beats.
6 Music is created when two or more objects _______________.
7 There are _______________ elements of sounds which are found in music.
8 Pitch means ______________________________________________________________
9 _______________ is the pattern or placement of sounds in time and beats in music.
10 _______________ refers to the tune of a song or piece of music
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