Primary Four First Term Agricultural Science Lesson Note

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WEEK 2

TOPIC: THE LAND AND THE SOIL

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, Pupils should be able to know:

1. The Meaning of land and soil
2. The Types of soil
3. Characteristics of Types of Soil
4. The Component of soil

Entry Behavior: Pupils are familiar with the topic

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Universal Basic Education Curriculum. NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for Primary Schools. Unified Schemes of Work Primary Schools four Agricultural Science (MIDDLE BASIC) Internet.

Lagos State Agricultural Science Scheme of Work Agricultural Science for Primary Schools

SOIL

Soil is the Material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow.

Soil is divided into three part namely:

1. Sandy soil;
2. Clay soil;
3. Loamy soil.

 SANDY SOIL

Sandy soil is a loose material made up of tiny particles. These tiny particles consist of grains of rock (clay or mud). Sandy soil is not good for growing crops because it does not contain decayed animal and plants materials that should enrich the soil

       CLAY SOIL

Clay soil is a very fine-grained, smooth soil that can be moulded when wet (moist) and hard when the water in it dries up.

   LOAMY SOIL

Loamy soil is a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials (dead plants and animals). It is the best soil for crops growing and can hold enough water.

Characteristics of Types of Soil

CHARACTERISTICS OF SANDY SOIL

1. It does not contain many nutrients.
2. It contains loose material of tiny particles
3. Growth of crops is very poor.
4. It can’t not hold water.
5. It is rough when touched with hand.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLAY SOIL

1. It is a very fine-grained soil.
2. It is smooth
3. It can be used for mounding when wet.
4. It is hard when the water in it dries up.
5. Growths of crops are poor on it.
6. It can hold water.
7. It has small and closely packed particles.
8. It can hold a lot of nutrients.
9. It does not allow air and water through it.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LOAMY SOIL

1. It is a rich soil.
2. It contains mixture of sand and clay.
3. It is the best soil for crops growing.
4. It can hold enough water
5. It is rich with nutrients
6. It is rich with minerals.

COMPONENT OF SOIL

Soil is made up of the following components:

• Mineral matters or inorganic matters (45%)
• Organic matter (5%)
• Soil water (25%)
• Soil air (25%)

Living organisms (insignificance)

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE

• The Teacher revises the previous lesson.
• The Teacher introduces the topic.
• The Teacher explains the lessons.

LEARNERS ACTIVITIES

• Learners participate in the class discussion
• Learners practice how to identify soil

EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES

1. Define soil.
2. Mention Types of soil.
3. Mention three Characteristics of each Types of Soil.

CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson.

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