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SUBJECT: AGRIC SCIENCE
SECOND TERM E – NOTES
CLASS: BASIC FIVE
WEEK 2
TOPIC: HOW TO RAISE CROPS
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, PUPILS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
- List four cereal crops
- List four legume crops
- List three tuber crops
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: A chart showing the various tools for planting crops and rearing animals.
REFERENCE MATERIALS
- Scheme of work
- All relevant materials
- 9-Years Basic Education Curriculum
- Online information
BUILDING BACKGROUND/CONNECTION TO PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: Pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.
CONTENT OF THE LESSON
HOW TO RAISE CROPS
EXAMPLES OF FIELD CROPS
- Cereals – rice, maize, millet, corn
- Legumes – beans, cowpea, soya beans
- Tubers – examples are yam/cassava
PROCEDURE FOR RAISING FIELD CROPS
How to raise legume crops
In the country, the most common legume crops grown are cowpeas, soya beans, Bambara nuts and groundnuts. Legumes are generally rich in protein. Groundnut is also rich in fat and oil. Legume crops grow well on sandy loam soil and under an average rainfall of 500 –1 000 ml.
Land clearing
Vegetation is cleared off the land to be planted. The cut vegetation is packed and burnt. The land has to be cleared of bush either by tractor or by human labor. After clearing, it is better to leave the dead leaves, stems and roots to decay on the soil. Do not burn the remains of the plants so as not to destroy the soil.
Planting
Legumes are planted on ridges or flats. Only good seeds are selected for sowing.
This is carried out at the beginning of the rainy season.
Weeding
The first weeding is done with hoes about three weeks after germination. A second or third weeding may be done by hand picking.
Tilling and stumping
The soil is plough and stumps are removed. Stumps are uprooted and
Packed away Land for growing legume crops requires light tillage. Animal traction maybe used for making ridges. Tractors or hoes May also be used.
Ridges and mounds making
This is done by heaping to soil into a row. Ridging is good for better crop yield. Ridging soften the soil. It brings nutrients closer to the plant roots.
Fertilizer application
In the cultivation of legumes, fertilizer is usually not applied. However, where necessary, fertilizer is applied after the first weeding is done, that is, about three weeks after germination. Fertilizer may be applied in ring form or in holes.
Harvesting
It is the pods which legumes produce that is harvested. Harvesting is done when the pods are mature and dry. Harvested pods are sundried and shelled to release the seeds.
Processing and preservation
Shelled or threshed legume seeds are separated from the pods by winnowing. The seeds are dried again in the sun to reduce the moisture content. They are then packed in metal or plastic containers or in jute bags. They are also treated with
Chemical to prevent weevil attack.
HOW TO RAISE CEREAL
How to raise cereal crops
The cereal crops commonly grown in Nigeria are maize, rice, sorghum, millet and guinea corn. These crops feed and grow mainly on the top soil because of their fibrous shallow root system.
Let us now go through the processes of raising cereal crops.
Strategies& Activities:
- Step1: The teacher revises the previous topic.
- Step2: The teacher introduces the new topic.
- Step3: The teacher explains the new topic.
- Step4: Teacher welcomes pupils’ questions.
- Step5: The teacher evaluates the pupils
Assessment & Evaluation
- List four cereal crops
- List four legume crops
- List three tuber crops
(WRAP-UP CONCLUSION)
Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding
EVALUATION
- List four cereal crops
- List four legume crops
- List three tuber crops
- Explain the following procedures for raising field crops
- Land clearing –
- Tilling and stumping –
- Ridges and mounds making –
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