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TOPIC: SIMPLE FARM TOOLS, USES AND MAINTENANCE
CONTENT:
- Meaning and types of simple farm tools.
- Identification and description of each of the tools and their uses.
- Identification of various accessory tools and their uses
- General maintenance of simple farm tools.
SUB TOPIC 1: Meaning and types of Simple Farm tools
Meaning of simple farm tools: as the name implies, these are simple, handy tools made up of metals and wooden handles where applicable and used mainly by peasant farmers. They are designed to help the hands to apply force in farm operations. They make the work easier, faster and safer.
TYPES OF FARM TOOLS: These tools can be classified into :
- farm and horticultural tools
- Workshop or accessory tools.
- Farm and Horticultural Tools are those simple tools used for cultivation of arable crops, fruit, vegetable and flowers. Example include cutlasses, hoes, rakes, hand forks, garden fork , shears, pick axe, spades, hand trowel, shovel, secateurs, watering can, harvesting sickle, head pan, wheel barrow, axe, pruning saw, budding knife, budizzor castrator etc.
- Workshop or accessory tools: These are tools used in workshop to repair or maintain farm implement and farm machines. They include hammer, spanner, screw driver, pliers, nut and bolt, chisel, hack saw, file, punches etc.
EVALUATION:
- Differentiate between farm tools and accessory tools. Give five examples of each.
TOPIC 2: Identification and Description of each of the farm tools:
SIMPLE FARM TOOLS
They are the tools commonly used by peasant farmers for simple farm operations.
Cutlass: It has a short wooden handle and flat metal blade. Two main types exist – one has a straight blade while the other has curved blade.
Uses
- Clearing of bush and farmland.
- Digging holes
- Transplanting of seedlings.
- Planting operation
- Weeding
- Harvesting some crops e.g yam.
- Cutting sticks in the farm
- Breaking and cracking of pods and shells.
- Spade: It has a D-shaped rectangular metal blade and a long wooden handle.
Uses
- Lifting the soil from one place to another.
- Turning of the soil
- Digging holes
- Transplanting of seedling
- Filling of holes in the farm
- For levelling loose soils
- For mixing concrete
- For weeding.
Hoe: It has curved metal blade and wooden handle. There are two types, the West Indian hoe and West Africa hoe. The West African hoe has a short wooden handle while the West Indian hoe has a long wooden handle.
Uses
- Making of heaps
- Preparing ridges
- Turning of the soil
- Transplanting of seedling
- Loosening of the soil surface
- Uprooting stumps
- Digging holes
- Harvesting of crops like yam, cassava etc.
Differences between West African hoe and West Indian hoe
| West African hoe | West Indian hoe |
| Has a short handle | Has a long handle |
| Has a round metal blade | Has a rectangular metal blade |
| Blade is attached to wooden handle with a prong | Blade is attached to handle by a loop round the handle |
Garden Fork: Has four to eight long-pronged metal forks, with a long wooden or metal handle.
Uses
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