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Sub-topic 1: LAND TENURE SYSTEM IN NIGERIA.
Definition: Land Tenure is defined as the system of land ownership or acquisition by individuals, families, communities, or government agencies either for temporal or permanent use.
Classification of Land Tenure System
- Communal land tenure
- Land tenure by inheritance
- Land tenure by purchase or freehold
- Land tenure by free gift or pledge
- Tenant at the will of the government
- Leasehold land tenure system
A brief explanation of the above is given below:
COMMUNAL LAND TENURE SYSTEM: This is the whereby land belongs to the community. The head of the community decides the basis of sharing our land. Every adult especially male member of the community is allocated a piece of land.
Advantages:
- Every adult member of the community can acquire land and each person has full right to the land allocated to him
- It is cheap to acquire as no cost is involved
- It is ideal for large scale farming
- It facilitates land development
- Farmers cooperatives may be easily organized
Disadvantages:
- Non-indigenes of the community cannot acquire land or have access to it.
- Permanent crops or perennial crops are not allowed on the land because land is allocated for only a farming season.
- Sales of land is not allowed
- Mechanized farming cannot be practiced without the permission of the whole community.
- Allocated land can be revoked by a new leader
- Land cannot be used as collateral for loans except when the community approves it.
- Increase in population tends to reduce the size of the farmland
INDIVIDUAL LAND TENURE: This is a system of ownership where land can be acquired by individual either male or female through inheritance, purchase, free gifts, lease, tenancy, or even pledge
Advantages:
- Males and females can acquire any size of land
- Permanent crops can be cultivated.
- The owner has authority as to how the land is used
- Land can be used as a collateral for loans
- Land can be mechanized for agriculture
- It often leads to land improvement
- Land may be fragmented among children of free-holder
Disadvantages:
- Only the rich may acquire land at certain areas like GRA
- Land belonging to an individual may not be used for agricultural activity
- Land may be acquired in fragments.
- It can deny later generations access to land for practicing agriculture.
- Abuse by land speculators is possible
LAND TENURE BY INHERITANCE
This is a system whereby a piece of land can be acquired at the death of a parent. Hence, land can now be transferred from generation to generation. Land can also be acquired by a child when a piece of land is transferred to him or her.
ADVANTAGES
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