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FARM MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENT
CONTENT:
- Farm machinery- Tractor, Bulldozer, Sheller, Dryers, Incubators.
- Tractor-coupled implements: Plough, Harrow, Ridgers, Planters, Harvesters, Sprayer.
SUB TOPIC I: FARM MACHINERY –
Farm machinery refers to complex machines and implements used for carrying out farming operations. Examples includes: Tractors, Bulldozer, Sheller, Dryer, and Incubator. The most important implement or machine in the farm, which is used for operating many farm implements is the Tractor.
These farm machines and implements can be classified into three groups based on source and generation of power as follows:
- Primary Machines: These are the machines that can supply power to other machines and implement for their farming operations. An example is the Tractor.
- Secondary Machines: These are tractors coupled or mounted machinery or implements used for different operations. Examples are Ploughs, harrows, ridgers, planters, harvesters, and sprayers.
- Intermediate Machines: These are powered by a tractor, electricity, or an electric generating set. Examples include grinding machines, and incubators.
Examples of this Farm Machinery are:
1. Tractor: It is a powerful multi-purpose farm machine capable of using its power to perform various farm operations. It has internal combustion engine with either two or four strokes. It transmits power through the power take-off (PTO) shaft, or by means of a moving belt connecting the tractor to another machine.
A draw bar attached to the tractor is used in coupling other farm implements to it.
Tractors are of different types:
(a) Two-wheeled tractor: – These are tractors with two wheels, used on small farms and in vegetable gardens. They are operated by a man walking behind them and used mainly for light cultivation.
(b) General–purpose tractor: – This is the most common type of tractor. It has a power rating of between 30 to 60 horse powers.
(c) Heavy–wheeled tractors: – These are large tractors with rubber tyres used for heavy work on the farm such as the falling of big trees and stumping power rating.
(d) Track laying Tractors: – These tractors are sometimes called crawlers or bulldozers. They differ from heavy-wheeled tractors in that they move on tracks instead of rubber tyres. They can be used for cleaning very thick bushes and falling of trees when equipped with a heavy steel blade.
TRACTORS DESCRIPTION
- The tractor is a powerful and expensive multi-purpose motor vehicle used for lifting or pulling farm implements
- It is equipped with a governor system
- It has a power take-off (P.T.O) shaft used in drawing farm implements like ploughs, harrows, harvesters, planters, etc
- It has a hydraulic control system which lifts mounted implements under the control of the operator
- It consists of an internal combustion engine which uses diesel or petrol without spark plugs.
- It has four wheels with rubber tyres.
- Popular brands or models of tractors are: David Brown, Massey Ferguson, Ford and Fiat.
USES OF A TRACTOR
- A tractor is used to pull farm implements like ploughs, harrows, ridgers for land cultivation.
- It is used for transporting farm inputs such as chemicals, fertilizers, manure and farm out puts when coupled with a trailer.
- It can also be used to transport workers within the farm.
- It can be used to apply herbicides, pesticides and plant seeds.
- It can also be used to operate a grinder thresher or pump.
- It can be connected to an electric motor to generate electricity.
(2) Bulldozer:
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