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TOPIC: CLAY, CERAMICS, AND GLASS.
Production of non-metallic materials
Processing of ceramics:
In the processing of ceramic materials, mud and clay are obtained and cleared of all the impurities. Afterwards, the materials are mixed with water thoroughly pounded until a smooth, even mixture is obtained. The next process is shaping of the mixture into the desired objects. The art of making moist clay materials into various objects is called pottery. There are two methods by which ceramic materials can be processed.
- The pinch method
- The potter’s wheel method.
The Pinch method: This is the traditional method of using fingers to carefully mould and shape objects.
The Potter’s wheel method: This is the method with a rotating disc upon which the clay is mould.
There are 4 stages involved in the production of ceramics:
- Molding
- Shaping
- Decorating.
- Firing.
In pottery the following are involved:
- Mixing
- Shaping
- Drying, and
Processing of Glass
The mineral glass belongs to the group of ceramics materials; it is made from inorganic resin made from refining petroleum products. Most glasses in use are the inorganic type. Basically, inorganic glass is produced by melting together various proportions of silica, lime-stone, dolomite by firing them in a furnace. The molten substance is allowed to cool slowly through the process called Annealing.
Sub-Topic 2: Plastics and rubber
- Examples of plastics and rubber products.
- Methods of processing plastics and rubber.
EXAMPLES OF POLYMER PRODUCTS
| S/N | PLASTIC PRODUCTS | RUBBER PRODUCTS |
| 1 | Cloth (polyesters) | Tubes and tyres |
| 2 | Kitchen Utensils | Gloves |
| 3 | Cups, plates and spoons | Boots and raincoats (as well as shoes) |
| 4 | Furniture | Balloons and toys |
| 5 | Pipes, tubes and accessories for building construction | Adhesive products |
| 6 | Bowls, storage drums and containers | Automotive industry products (e.g. hoses, bumpers, dampers, anti-vibration mounts, fan belts, gaskets, etc.) |
| 7 | Syringes, and other medical supplies and components | Other personal care products (rubber band, pencils, erasers, hot water bottles) |
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