The causes of sparking of commutator segments are:

(i) Shorted armature.

(ii) High Mica.

(iii) Worn-out Brushes.

(iv) Dirty Commutator.

(v) Armature Reaction.

(vi) Overloading.

(vii) Wrong position of brushes.

(viii) Earthed armature coil.

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