SS3 Animal Husbandry Lesson Note on General Prevention and Control of Livestock Diseases

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TOPIC: COMMON LIVESTOCK DISEASES   

CONTENT:

• PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
• CONTROL OF LIVESTOCK DDISEASES

SUB TOPIC 1:

Prevention and control of livestock diseases

The problems of livestock diseases pose a lot of challenges to livestock production systems. There is need to evolve or engage improved animal husbandry practices to prevent or control diseases associated with livestock production.

Prevention of Livestock Diseases

1. Controlled Breeding: This is the use of disease-resistant animals for breeding purposes. Healthy animals are also used for mating or reproductive purposes.

2. Good Nutrition: Good food and clean water should be served to animals always. The diet must be balanced to allow the animal to build up immunity against diseases. Use of mineral salts lick should be encouraged in ruminant animals.

3. Sanitation and Good hygiene: The animal’s environment is very important. Faeces of animals should be cleaned out routinely. Remove dirty bedding materials, wash the wall and floor well with soap and water or disinfectant.

4. Stocking Density: Overcrowding should be discouraged. Disease spread is manageable in a well-spaced animal while overcrowded animals come down with infections easily because of contact with any sick ones.

5. Rotational Grazing: Grazing management is important. Animals should be moved away from pasture they have used for a long time. Rest pasture for a few weeks and hot sun will kill worm eggs. It is also advisable to graze sheep after cattle to break the cycle of diseases.

6. Vaccination: Routine vaccination that can help prevent diseases should be adopted to help prevent the occurrence or outbreak of diseases. There should also be a precise vaccination schedule for each herd or flock.

7. Medication: Animal should be watched closely. Antibiotics should be administered to any sick animal without delay.

8. Quarantine: Introduction of new animals should be done cautiously to avoid tilting of the health balance of the existing flock or herd. New animals should be kept separate and watched for some time before mixing with the flock or herd.

9. Separation or Isolation: Sick animals should be separated from healthy ones and treated. Dispose of all dead animals by burning, deep burying, or disposal pits.

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