SS2 Third Term Geography Lesson Note – Population

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WEEK 3                                                     

TOPIC: POPULATION

CONTENT   

1. World population
2. Factors affecting population distribution

SUB-TOPIC 1:

MEANING OF POPULATION

Population can be seen as the total number of people living in a given geographical area. Population can also be seen as the number of people living in an area at a particular time. Population is dynamic as a result of birth rate and death rate.

The population of the world is currently estimated at more than 4.5 billion people and has the average growth rate of 2.3%. Over the years the world has grown from a mere 1.5 billion in 1900 to 4.5 billion in 1980 and by the year 2000 it is expected to have raised up to 6.3 billion people.

In terms of continents, Asia is the most populous continent in the world, followed by Europe, Africa, North America, South America and Australia is the least. In terms of countries, China is the most populous country (1.3 billion), followed by India (1.0 billion), United States (276,261 million), Indonesia (219,267 million) etc.

In Africa, Nigeria is the most populous country, and in the world the seventh populous country with 117, 328 million people. These population estimates for these countries by the year 2000.

POPULATION CONCEPTS:

1. Over Population: This is a situation where the population is more than the available resources in a country
2. Under Population: This is the situation where the population is less than available resources of country. This means that, the size of population is so small that when combined with available resources of a country and given the level of existing technology, it will secure minimum return per head.
3. Optimum population: This is when the population of a given country can be supported by the available resources in that particular country, so as to achieve the highest possible standard of living.
4. Population Density: This is defined as the number of persons per unit area of land or per square kilometer. It is usually expressed mathematically as seen below.

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