SS2 Third Term Geography Lesson Note – Direction and Bearing

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WEEK 1                                                       

TOPIC:       Direction and Bearing

CONTENT:

(1) The major cardinal points, True and Magnetic North, Magnetic Variations.

(2) Angular bearing and compass direction.

SUB-TOPIC 1: THE MAJOR CARDINAL POINTS

The major cardinal points are four. They are North, South, East and West. They are usually referred to as four-cardinal points.

Four cardinal points

There are other intermediate points of the compass based upon and named from cardinal points. They are eight-cardinal points and sixteen-cardinal points. All are used to locate direction of a place on the earth.

TRUE AND MAGNETIC NORTH

 True north (geodetic north) is the direction along the earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole while “Magnetic north” is the direction that your compass tells you is north. The compass, because it has a magnetic needle, does not point to true north. The north point it shows is known as magnetic north.

Magnetic Variation: This is the angle of difference between the true north and magnetic north. It is also known as magnetic declination and it varies from year to year.

EVALUATION:

1. Explain cardinal points.
2. Discuss the following: (i) true north (ii) magnetic north (iii) magnetic variation

SUB-TOPIC 2: ANGULAR BEARING AND COMPASS DIRECTION

DIRECTION: The direction of a place can be shown in two ways. These are compass point and angular bearing.

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