SS2 Third Term Food and Nutrition Lesson Note – Special Diets

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WEEK 8

TOPIC: SPECIAL DIETS

CONTENTS: Meaning of vegetarian, invalid, convalescent, overweight

HIV/AIDS, vegetarian diets, i-strict vegetarian, lacto-vegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian

Sub Topic 1: Meaning and types of vegetarians.

Special diets: It is the type of diets that is specially made for people whom their body systems work differently from others may be as result of sickness or other factors. Food requirement vary according to age, sex, state of health etc. The aim of special diet is to provide nutrients their body require and in a correct proportion

Vegetarians: These are people who do not eat animal flesh or fish. They do not eat meat, fish, poultry, shell fish. They may also abstain from by-products of animals such as milk, milk produced and eggs. They depend mainly on fruits, vegetables, cereals, grains, nuts and eat eggs but do not take dairy products.

Vegans or strict vegetarians: These exclude all animal products such as eggs, dairy products and honey from their diet.

Lacto-vegetarians: They include dairy products in their diets but do not eat eggs.

Lacto-ovo-vegetarians: They include both eggs and dairy products in their diet.

Vegetarian diets: It is easy to plan diets for lacto and lacto-ovo vegetarians because of inclusion of eggs, milks and milk products. It is not easy to plan a balanced diet for a vegan or strict vegetarian because they depend mainly on plant food. Their diet may lack some of the essential amino acids and vitamin. However, through careful planning and judicious combination of different plant foods, a fairly balanced diet can be prepared. Example a combination of cereals, legumes and leafy vegetables will produce a balanced diet. Vegetarians should also consume adequate fresh fruits.

For lacto-ovo vegetarian diets, protein can be supplied by

1. Pulses: e.g. peas, beans, soya beans, etc
2. Cereals: e.g. rice, maize, millet, etc
3. Nuts: e.g. groundnuts, walnuts, chestnuts

Fats can be supplied by legumes or pulses, fresh fruits and vegetables. e.g. cabbage spinach, waterleaf, okro.

Carbohydrate can be supplied by

1. Tuber: e.g. yams, cocoyam, potatoes etc
2. Cereal: e.g. rice, maize, sorghum, millet

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