SS2 Third Term Chemistry Lesson Note – Hydrocarbons

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WEEK: 6

TOPIC: HYDROCARBONS

CONTENT:    

1. Structure and valency of carbon, hydrocarbon – meaning and examples,
2. Homologous series- characteristics, and functional group
3. Saturated hydrocarbon -alkanes

PERIOD 1:  STRUCTURE AND VALENCY OF CARBON

Carbon atom belongs to group IV of the periodic table of element.  The excited state electronic configuration of carbon is 1s² 2s² 2p_x¹ 2p¹_y 2p_z¹. A carbon has four electrons in its outer shell and uses by sharing electrons to form covalent bonds. Carbon atoms can combine with one another to form chains and rings of different sizes. Carbon atom can catenate that is they can form single double or triple covalent bonds with themselves.

HYDROCARBONS MEANING AND EXAMPLES

Hydro carbons are compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Hydrocarbons are classified into the two classed (1) Aliphatic compounds and (2) aromatic compounds.

Aliphatic compounds are either acyclic or cyclic.

Acyclic compounds are straight chain or branched chain hydrocarbons. They the alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. E.g. (See diagram)

In cyclic compounds the carbon atom forms a ring e.g (see diagram)

EVALUATION

1. Explain the term ‘catenation’
2. What is aliphatic hydrocarbon?

PERIOD 2 AND 3: HOMOLOGOUS SERIES AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP

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