SS2 Second Term Physics Lesson Note – Linear Momentum

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WEEK 2

TOPIC:  LINEAR MOMENTUM

CONTENT:

• Newton’s first law of motion, impulse and momentum
• Newton’s second law of motion
• Calculations on the Newton’s 2^nd law of
• Newton’s third law of motion.
• Applications of third law

Sub –topic 1. Newton’s first law of motion, impulse and momentum

The influence of unbalanced forces and the laws governing the motion are discussed in this topic.

Newton’s first law of motion:  The first law states that every object continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.

 Inertia: It is the tendency of a body to remain in its state of rest or uniform linear motion. Newton’s law of motion is called law of inertia.

Applications of Newton’s first law:

1. When a moving vehicle is suddenly brought to rest by the application of the brakes, the passengers suddenly jerk forward as they tend to continue in their straight line motion. That is why it is advisable to use a safety belt.
2. A car driver in a stationary car hit by another car from behind is likely to suffer neck injuries because when the car is hit, his body is pushed forward, but his head stays still and is jerked backward in relation to his body. It is advisable to have a headrest to protect the driver and passengers from injury.
3. A moving body comes to rest due to opposing forces such as air resistance , friction or pull of gravity.

Momentum (p): The momentum of a body is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity. The S.I unit is kgms^-1or Ns

P = mv

M =mass in kg,    V= velocity in ms^-1

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