SS2 Second Term Mathematics Lesson Note – Logical Reasoning

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WEEK 1                                                                                                                                                                         

TOPIC: LOGICAL REASONING

CONTENT:

• Simple and Compound statements.
• Logical operation and the truth table.
• Validity of argument

 SIMPLE AND COMPOUND STATEMENTS

Mathematical logic can be defined as the study of the relationship between certain objects such as numbers, functions, geometric figures etc.   Statements are verbal or written declarations or assertions. The fundamental (i.e logical) property of a statement is that it is either true or false but not both. So logical statements are statements that are either reasonably true or false but not both.

Example: The following are logical statements;

1. Nigeria is in Africa
2. The river Niger is in Enugu
3. 2 + 5 = 3
4. 3 < 7

p	Q	p˄q
T	T	T
T	F	F
F	F	F

N.B The educator should ask the students to give their examples

Example: The following are not logical statements because they are neither true nor false.

1. What is your name?
2. Oh what a lovely day
3. Take her away
4. Who is he?
5. Mathematics is a simple subject (note that this statements is true or false depending on each individual, so it is not logical)

N.B educator to ask the students to give their own examples

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