SS2 Second Term Geography Lesson Note – Environmental Conservation

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WEEK 5                                                                        

TOPIC: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

CONTENT:

(1) Meaning of Environmental Conservation

(2) Environmental Conservation Methods

(3) Importance of Environmental Conservation

SUB-TOPIC 1: MEANING AND METHODS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

MEANING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION: Environmental Conservation is defined as the preservation of natural resources from loss, waste or exploitation through rational use and to ensure their availability and to preserve the quality or the original nature of the natural resources.                                  Environmental Conservation can also be seen as saving our environment and its natural by-products.

Again, Environmental Conservation can be defined as the sustainable use as well as management of natural resources which include wildlife, water, air, and earth’s deposits.

These could be classified into Renewable and Non-renewable resources. The conservation of these natural resources generally focus on the needs and interest of human beings, for instance, the biological, economic, cultural and recreational values. It is usually good for a better future in terms of development, but only when the changes and development occurs in ways that are not wasteful.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION METHODS

1. AFFORESTATION AND REAFFORESTATION:

(a)   Afforestation:  This is the planting of trees on areas that were not covered with forest.

(b)   Re-afforestation:  This implies the replanting of trees in areas that were once covered with forest. Examples abound all over the world; Nigeria today is seriously on afforestation in the Northern parts of the country and re-afforestation in other parts of the country where the forest are fast disappearing.

2. COVER CROPPING

Cover cropping is the practice of planting cover crops primarily to manage soil fertility, soil quality, water, weeds, pests, diseases, biodiversity and wildlife in an agro ecosystem.

3. IMPROVED FARMING TECHNIQUES

Improvement of Agricultural methods and productivity to reduce the need to cut down additional forest land. Tropical forests cannot be maintained unless agricultural productivity is greatly improved. This can only be achieved if technologies are greatly improved and substantial financial support. Without such development, conservation strategies are doomed.

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